Office of HIV/AIDS & Viral Hepatitis

HIV Testing

What is an HIV test?

An HIV test is a test that shows if you have been infected with HIV. When a person is infected with HIV, his/her immune system tries to fight the virus by creating antibodies. Antibodies are one of the body’s tools for fighting infections. An HIV test looks for the presence of HIV antibodies. If antibodies to HIV are present, the person is HIV-infected.

The most common test for HIV is done using a vial of blood. However, a rapid test can be done using only a finger stick sample of blood. The rapid test takes only 20 minutes and is used as a screening tool for HIV. If the rapid test comes back positive, a person needs to take another blood test to confirm the results.

For more information about the different types of HIV tests, go to CDC’s Frequently Asked Questions about HIV Tests

What is a “window period”?

A window period is the time between when a person is infected and a positive test result occurs. Generally it takes 1 to 3 months (and possibly up to 6 months) following infection before antibodies to the virus are at a level in the blood to be detected. Because the HIV test is based on the presence of antibodies, the HIV test may be negative in an infected person during the window period.

If you have engaged in behaviors that may have exposed you to HIV, but have tested negative, your health care provider may ask you to repeat the test later after the window period is over.

When should I get tested?

If you are sexually active or have ever shared syringes or drug injecting materials (such as cotton, water, workers), think about having an HIV test. In addition, anyone being treated for a sexually transmitted disease needs to be tested. Pregnant women should also be tested to reduce the risk of passing the virus on to their babies.

In the near future, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will be encouraging all health care providers to include HIV testing, when indicated, as part of routine medical care.

Who else will know about the test?

HIV tests are either anonymous or confidential:

Anonymous tests
When you have the test done at an anonymous site, you are given a private code number. No one asks your name. Anonymous testing is the best way to protect your privacy.

Confidential tests
If you have the test done in your health care provider’s office, hospital, clinic or any other facility, your test results may be put in your medical record. Like all your medical information, your HIV test results are confidential and cannot be given to anyone without your written permission.

Where can I get an HIV test?

Most health care providers can do HIV testing and will usually offer you counseling at the same time. In addition, you can get tested at various HIV Testing Sites around the state.

How much does an HIV test cost?

The HIV antibody test is covered by most health insurances. In addition, various HIV Testing sites offer no or low cost testing. Please check with the site for specific cost information.